- When you suspect a spine or neck injury
- The athlete may have a loss of sensation or is unable to move body parts
- When an athlete is not breathing
- The athlete’s chest is not rising
- Bluish in colour and there is no air exchange
- You suspect a severe or serious head injury
- When you suspect a heat stroke
- The athlete may become disoriented or confused, there is an absence of sweating, and the skin is flushed and warm.
- Severe abdominal pains which could become worse.
- Athlete may have severe pain in the shoulder region, usually on the left side.
- Earlier signs : athlete is pale and has a pulse
- Severe bleeding
- Bleeding that cannot be controlled through direct pressure
- Cardiac arrest
- Abnormal position of extremity or if you suspect a fracture that you are unable to immobilize to transport to hospital, examples includes a dislocated ankle.
- Leg fracture
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